parts_of_a_url.png

The easiest way to explain a URL such as this one:
http://www.example.com/something.html

Is to think of it as HOW, then WHERE and finally WHAT


http:
« how?
The method we are going to use to retrieve or "get to" the document described by the URL. Common ones are "http" (Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol), you may also see "ftp:" or "mailto:"
www.example.com
« where?
This is the hostname of the server, somewhere on the internet, which is holding the document we actually want
/something.html
« what?
Finally, after we know what server we are looking for and how we're going to retrieve the document from it, we now specify exactly which document we want off of the remote server.

Understand those three components and you basically have URLs down cold.

from: http://www.privateworld.com/archives/188-How-to-explain-URLs-so-anybody-can-understand-them.html